I hope to explore these debilitating conditions in this and subsequent articles as these are the main reasons, in my view, for people to suffer from depression, although they are not the only ones; most reasons will usually start from this point.
BUT first some necessary background.
Panic attacks, ptsd, ocd, general anxiety disorder/s, a(n extreme) lack of confidence, disassociation, most phobias etc, have similar effects on its sufferers regardless of any previous history or single event or cause.
Anxiety is defined in my Penguin book of Psychology 3rd edition, as; a vague & unpleasant emotional state with qualities of apprehension, dread, distress and uneasiness.
This is different, although in part connected, to a fear, which usually has a defined target or cause, and that my friends is at the root and a clue, to how people suffer from these types of disorders in the first place.
Depression is defined in the same book as a; mood state characterised by a sense of inadequacy, a feeling of despondency, a decrease in reactivity or activity, pessimism, sadness.
As most people will feel this way for completely understandable reasons for short periods the better terms to use instead of this one is Melancholy or in Psychiatry terms Anhedonia, which means a general lack of interest in the pleasures of life, either or both are a better fit and are more accurate terms to use then depression which has been overused to the point of losing it’s real and original meaning.
In a nutshell all the anxiety disorders have one important thing in common, all the sufferers are frightened, of everything…………..
It doesn’t matter if they are combat veterans in the military sense of the word or they have had to endure an abusive and/or a violent, negative events or environments, THE outcome for many will be sadly the same.
People will even learn to fear the anxiety state itself and so they will enter into an unhappy and pointless loop which they feel that they can never escape from, hence why most people will eventually visit their doctor for anti-depressants.
So let’s get down to brass tacks and explore where an unhealthy level of anxiety comes from, and in so doing, understand the real causes of it and hopefully gaining some useful insights as to how people can help themselves combat it’s affects without any unnecessary long term need for drugs.
In a previous article I covered the subject of stress, please refer to The Physiology of stress published in December of 2011, there I explored how stress affects the human body via hormones and explored why we as a species even have it. Anxiety is an outcome to someone having to face an unexpected event and it has the same effects as our natural defense mechanism of “Fight or flight” but in an emotionally stable person it will pass as the person will usually have learnt the best coping method to allow them to face the given challenge, or they will have enough self belief or confidence not to be phased by any fears that may prevent them from being successful.
In someone who has suffered from a disjointed or damaged emotional developmental phase in their lives will not have been given the time to have learnt to feel safe or gained enough self belief to be able to feel that they can cope with any situation, they will also be preoccupied with so much unnecessary stimuli that they will just freeze when faced with some everyday situations, like going outside, going shopping, talking with other people etc.
It is also worth noting that some pets can also inherit these types of conditions, mainly from their very owners.
As having suffered from these types of conditions myself it is a demoralising and unhappy way to live, and in a lot of cases unnecessary too. Having said that for some people who have learned to adapt and accept it they will find a way to still have a life and be as happy as they can be, if you are one of those then I am very happy for you, but for the rest you don’t have to resign yourself to feeling unhappy, there are always options if you are strong enough to want to look for them and reading this Blog is just one J
Lets start from the beginning and look at the stages that many child psychologists view as the normal developmental phases in an average child’s emotional development, I suspect that you will start to see a pattern or a theme here that correlates to what has been said above?
I will offer what many text books suggest as to what to expect from their new borns but add, in Italics, as to how these elements can become disjointed, it will make for some very sobering reading especially if you are a new parent, or an old one reading with “fresh eyes”.
The first Two years; Learning to Trust.
The first two years make up the nurturing stage, during which a baby develops a bond of security and trust.
How do you think that this early but integral stage can be lead the way if the child is surrounded by an emotionally unstable and confused environment, where the parents row due to the stresses of life, where rows are the norm and although the Mother may feel she is doing her best to give her child what they need, if she too is overwhelmed by events outside her control?
The defiant Twos; Finding their voice/s.
Two year olds tend to be very excited about their new found control, this stage is also filled with rapid mood shifts, stubbornness, tantrums, and an insatiable need to “do things my way……..”
At the same time the infant has a strong need to be clingy to their parents as many toddlers go through what is called “Separation Anxiety”
The child has just turned 2 years old and already the term Anxiety has reared its head. In my experience many adults that have had unhelpful early years carry these types of confusions well into their adult lives and in most cases the parents don’t realize that they usually have the means to lessen or at the very least, be able to help their child be less affected. Life isn’t meant to be easy but if you took a second to see that at an age when a child is beginning to make sense of the world around them having this time surrounded by people who are struggling to cope when they are an integral part in making sure that their child is trying to learn the very skills that they will need to survive in this sometimes confusing & competitive world.
Preschool years; I have an imagination and I’m not afraid to use it.
The ages from 3-5 are the play years where a child will spend most of their waking lives, and sleeping ones too, play acting. This fantasy world is crucial for them as they start to piece together how the world works and how they fit into it. They play at being parents, being mother and fathers. They will play with other children/siblings and they will usually mirror what they have seen.
The downside is that they will also develop fears, which will include ones that seem to have no connection to what has happened in their lives or have any obvious cause, being afraid of the dark, losing a parent/death, being left alone after school are just a few of what they will have nightmares about, and a few sleepless nights for their parents too.
Again this is another crucial time for the infant, learning to cope with these fears and anxieties has to have the parents/environment be stable and supportive, and these phases can easily set the scene for an infant to have a warped perspective/s about how they view themselves and the world around them, if I was to fix a date or time to when phobias can start from THIS would be around the age.
School years; Now lets put it altogether………
The school age period, ages 6-12, is a transitionary phase from fantasy and free form playing, to group games and sports. They will begin to feel guilty about wrong choices. They will learn about the rules that govern how they relate to others as well as rules concerning exclusion & inclusion. A healthy school age child should be able to express their emotions. Around the age of 5 they will also learn how to keep and share secrets, and at around 8 they will become more aware of their private thoughts and feelings. They begin to compare themselves with peers and become more concerned about their abilities.
I have always maintained that the ages from 6-12 are one of the most crucial stages in a child’s development, and in many cases this maybe the last chance to undo many confusions or bad habits that a child may have acquired in the preceding years. It should come as no surprise that “guilt” rears it’s ugly head around about now, and it should come as an even less of one to realize how that could be a tool to manipulate a child’s behaviour and feelings.
The last accepted phase is Adolescence; Searching for identity.
As most parents and even grandparents will acknowledge these are usually very turbulent times for teenagers the world over. As the young adult will be trying to be free of their parents but at the same time still be dependent on them in many ways. Peer pressure will be a much stronger force then even Star Wars or their parents can be in their lives, so pleasing the very people that they should be pleasing takes an often annoying back seat, and no doubt is the cause of many arguments and unrest on both sides of the age gap. They will often switch from acting responsible to still reliving their terrible twos, sometimes in the same day, even the same hour. As this phase plays out and often starts turbulently it usually settles down and the teen will show vast improvements in their relationships. While trying to earn “grown up” considerations like being able to drive they will at the same time become more adept at social situations and conflict resolving.
An interesting comment here is, “become more adept at social situations and conflict resolving.”, the trouble with that is only if they have had the chance to learn those very skills, and if the preceding years have been emotionally unstable this maybe unlikely, so they may not only have stunted social skills but be afraid of confrontations and how to resolve them, especially when they could lose out on the very things that they may need for themselves, so the upshot is that they could become more introverted and shy, the other side of the coin is that they could assume that anger is the only way to get what they want so they develop other confusions or perceptions, like assuming that arguments are the only way to resolve disagreements, the worst case scenario is that violence towards others is acceptable.
Although the above is only an over view and in no way exhaustive it is meant to give readers a chance to visibly see some of the crucial stages in a child’s emotional development, a bit of an eye opener wasn’t it? Lol
The above is in no way a criticism of what is involved in being a parent or a judgment aimed at any one parent in anyway shape of form, but it is a “heads up” for any parent, or a child who has now grown up with more questions than answers.
To help readers to gain a greater understanding let’s focus on an important stage of a child’s development in a little more depth.
Two year olds are easily distracted a phase they soon learn to outgrow, but if they don’t could this lead to A.D.D.?
Likes routine and finds changes unsettling, if this element were to carry on could this lead to greater anxieties when faced with necessary change/s later in life, could they be so bad that the anxiety grows to include a fear of everything??
They are afraid of noises, trains, thunder and even flushing toilets, separation especially at bedtime is still frightening, and they will get angry when told to stop doing some activities. Bearing in mind what I have written above it won’t come as any surprise to see that there is a very real possibility that these elements can lead to anger issues and neurosis much later in life.
The bottom line is that if any confusions are allowed to develop in a toddlers personality they will just become more prominent by the time a child reaches adolescence, and it is possible that they may have also had at least one unusually “negative event or experience” by the time they get to college or high/senior school.
From birth all infants start to try and understand the world around them these stages are crucial to how any newborn will be able to relate and be successful in the world that they will grow up to be an integral part of as adults. IT cannot be understated that it is very easy for their feelings to be abused and damaged in countless ways that will pave the way for preventable and unnecessary disorders in the coming years and although we can’t prevent most of them, and it could be argued that we shouldn’t even try, if we can understand the causes then a person in their later lives could still relearn some of the skills that they may not have had the chance to while they were younger, one is never too old to learn.
To close this first in a series of articles covering this type of subject matter, Nature & Nurture go hand in hand when it comes to how an Embryo will develop and what it may be predisposed to acquiring, this process may be transparent to the parents involved or the environments that infants may have to live through, sometimes things just happen due to bad luck or bad timing so we may still be at the mercy of what life has to challenge us with, doesnt mean we have to roll over and just accept it,
Further reading; Please refer to the “Archive & Recent Entries” boxes on the right of your screens.
Nature & Nurture, the debate continues, published in January 2012
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_development_stages
Are Anti-depressants being over prescribed, Published May 2011
